Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare cancer that originates from the cortex of the adrenal gland. Although its exact etiology is not clear, it has been found to be associated with some hereditary cancer syndromes. Sometimes patients present with hormonal excess symptoms (virilization, Cushing’s syndrome) or local symptoms consistent with an abdominal mass. In ACC, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are preferred imaging modaliti...

Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a prevalent endocrinologic disease and the most common cause of hypercalcemia. PHPT usually affects the elderly. PHPT younger than 40 years of age is less frequent. In young patients especially for ones younger than 30 years of age, screening for familial syndromes such as MEN 1 and MEN 2A is recommended. However, in most of the cases genetic tests are negative and evidence for other endocrine components are absent. Herein th...

Objective: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a clinical condition characterized by hypercalcemia-specific symptoms and signs caused by excessive secretion of parathormone. After the evaluation of blood calcium measurements within routine tests, the frequency of hyperparathyroidism increased and there is a marked decrease in the frequency of classical symptoms and signs. Recently, most PHPT cases are detected in the asymptomatic period, and which of these asymptomatic patie...

Background: Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) have proven to be the most valuable diagnostic procedure for preoperative discrimination of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Thyroid surgery may cause regional scarring and some degree of fibrotic process which may result in problems when collecting FNAB samples and evaluating the cellular abnormalities. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the Bethesd...

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors, including anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibodies, have become promising treatments for a variety of advanced malignancies. Nivolumab, an anti–PD-1 monoclonal Ab, is an effective treatment of unresectable metastatic melanoma, non–small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, head and neck cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, and gastric cancer. These medicines can cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including endocrino...

Atypical tumors were identified in 15% of pituitary adenomas, and they tended to be aggressive, invasive macroadenomas. WHO classification of atypical pituitary adenomas include; Ki-67 proliferative index >3%, excessive p53 immunoreactivity, and ≥ 2 mitotic figures per 10 high-powered fields. Pituitary carcinomas are extremely rare tumors with cerebrospinal or extracranial metastasis.Case: A 31 years old man with symptoms of stuffy nose and sno...

Introduction: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has been widely accepted the most accurate, safe and cost-effective method for evaluation of the thyroid nodules. The most challenging category in the FNAC is atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) and follicular lesion of undetermined significance (FLUS). Bethesda System (BS) recommends repeat FNAC in that category due to their low risk of malignancy. In our study, we aimed to investigate the malignancy rate of thyroid n...

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), stroke and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) are identified as risk factors for hypopituitarism. However, the mechanisms and the risk factors for the hypothalamo-pituitary dysfunction due to TBI, SAH, stroke and CVD are still unclear (1,2,3). Hypoxia, hypoxemia, neuroinflammation, autoimmunity could have impact in the pathogenesis (4). In patients with serious ventricular arrhythmias who need resuscitation,...

Introduction: Our objective for the current review was to inquire the thyroid cancer frequency rate within the patients who have had total thyroidectomy procedure for definitive Graves’ disease treatment and to evaluate the contribution of the presence of nodules to malignity rates.Materials and methods: The present study was conducted by scanning the data of 214 patients who were applied total thyroidectomy for permanent Graves disease treatment, r...

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to compare GH values obtained in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) in healthy individuals.Material and methods: Data of 18 healthy volunteers were analysed (10 male and 8 female). Firstly all subjects were evaluated with 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. In another day, intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed. Serum glucose, insulin and GH levels obtained durin...